My book project draws on survey experiments, quasi-experiments, observational analysis, and qualitative fieldwork to examine how suppressive electoral institutions shape emotional responses that condition political participation. The project leverages three cases at distinct stages of democratic development: the United States as a backsliding democracy, Malaysia as an emerging but struggling democracy, and, through planned fieldwork, South Korea as a consolidated democracy. This work is among the first to leverage democratic variation within Asia as a basis for comparison with the United States. Across all three cases, I trace how citizens’ emotional responses to similar forms of institutional suppression vary across political and cultural contexts and stages of democratic development. Ultimately, I identify the conditions under which suppression produces withdrawal and disengagement and those under which it instead generates anger, backlash, and greater political engagement. The project builds on and expands the empirical and theoretical contributions of my dissertation, which received the 2024 APSA Best Dissertation in Political Psychology Award.